Les Amériques https://wri-irg.org/fr fr Introducción a RAMALC https://wri-irg.org/es/articulo/2017/introduccion-ramalc <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_entity_view' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_1col' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * ds-1col--node--40960.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story.html.twig * ds-1col--node-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <div data-history-node-id="40960" class="node node--type-story node--view-mode-rss ds-1col clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-image--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-image--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-image.html.twig * field--expert--field-image--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-image.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-image--story.html.twig * field--node--field-image.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/single_page_desktop/public/2017-10/ramalc-banner.jpg?itok=8pwSC98s 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/single_page_mobiles_and_tablets/public/2017-10/ramalc-banner.jpg?itok=HrvdbSM6 1x" type="image/jpeg"/> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/single_page_mobiles_and_tablets/public/2017-10/ramalc-banner.jpg?itok=HrvdbSM6" alt="Membres du RAMALC en solidarité avec les victimes d&#039;Ayotzinapa" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> </picture> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <div class="caption"></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node-post-date---custom.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--node-post-date.html.twig * field--ds.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <time > 31 oct 2017</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--body--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--body--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--body.html.twig * field--default--body--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--body.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig * field--node--body--story.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE">Le <a href="http://ramalc.org/">R</a><a href="http://ramalc.org/">éseau Antimilitariste d</a><a href="http://ramalc.org/">’Amérique Latine et des Caraïbes</a> est formé par des groupes antimilitaristes et sociaux au Mexique, à Cuba, en Colombie, au Brésil, en Equateur, en Bolivie, au Paraguay et au Chili.</p> <p lang="fr-FR" xml:lang="fr-FR" xml:lang="fr-FR">Ce sont des groupes et des individus qui prennent des décisions en se mettant d’accord, et partagent l’idée que la résistance au militarisme doit être civile. La résistance ne doit donc soutenir aucune forme d’activité dans un tribunal militaire.</p> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">Le RAMALC encourage des actes non-violents de résistance, basés sur l’idée de base que la résistance ne peut pas utiliser les même méthodes militaires qui restreignent le droit de vivre en paix. De plus, comme l’antimilitarisme devrait être une opération active et participative, les actions directes font partie des activités du RAMALC</p> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">Le Réseau a été formé comme tel en 2014, mais la vérité est qu'il avait déjà été formé bien avant ça. Simplement il n'avait pas de nom.</p> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">Ils ont déjà entrepris des actions, des séminaires et des réunions.</p> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">Par exemple :</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5c85d93c-5047-4f3f-a5a7-989ea9a76b57" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-2.jpg?itok=feg3GJBV 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-2.jpg?itok=5W1ti27M" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <figcaption>2004 en Santiago de Chile</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --></p> <p>En 2014 à Santiago du Chili, un séminaire a été organisé qui s’appelait Résistance Non-Violente à la Dictature , ainsi qu’une formation à une action directe non-violente;</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="01a12b6d-e7ac-4472-83c4-35babcf7cafe" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-3.jpg?itok=QYExdFfn 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-3.jpg?itok=BcCAa87W" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <figcaption>El año 2010 en Asunciòn Paraguay</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --></p> <p>En 2010 à Asuncion, au Paraguay, a été tenu le Transantimili, qui liait les thèmes de trans et d’antimilitarisme, ainsi que des sessions de formation à l’action directe non-violente.</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7e6c2a78-9bf7-4d6a-b202-ff0d9d375c99" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-4.jpg?itok=OjEHecno 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-4.jpg?itok=Y0YhE6d-" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <figcaption>El año 2014 en Quito Ecuador</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --></p> <p>En 2014 à Quito, en Equateur, une formation pour formateurs à l’action directe a eu lieu et le réseau a été formalisé. Il a été défini comme une forme de liaison qui encourageait l’antimilitarisme dans la société grâce à des réunions et une formation non-violente, qui remettaient en question la structure militaire et les pratiques de domination.</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure role="group"><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="191b7d2e-f8a9-4f33-9772-d52e26089fde" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-5.jpg?itok=_tRwLVH9 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-5.jpg?itok=7a9ALzPi" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <figcaption>El año 2015 en la Ciudad de Mèxico,</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/filter/templates/filter-caption.html.twig' --></p> <p lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE">En 2015, dans la ville de Mexico, une formation latino-américaine a eu lieu qui portait sur les stratégies pour confronter la peur, sur la protection et la communication. A cette réunion nous avons établi des liens avec les communautés indigènes de Xochicualtla et de Huitzizilapan , qui résistent à la confiscation de leurs terres . Cette année nous nous réunjrons à nouveau à Asuncion au Paraguay contre la militarisation des corps et des terres.</p> <p lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE">Plus d’information peut être trouvé ici <a href="https://www.wri-irg.org/en/story/2017/meeting-wris-network-latin-america-and-carribbean">https://www.wri-irg.org/en/story/2017/meeting-wris-network-latin-america-and-carribbean</a></p> <p lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE" xml:lang="es-PE">En ce qui concerne les autres activités, nous avons tenu deux séminaires web , dont le premier incluait la militarisation du processus de paix en Colombie, et le deuxième portait sur les conflits actuels au Vénézuela.</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </p><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="23702bd3-5ec2-41b9-9cae-4247bdc893d2" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/2017-05/webinarios.png?itok=7vMOxSL5 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/2017-05/webinarios.png?itok=U3UtUZnY" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <p> </p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </p><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2c5037ba-5a53-499c-9c7f-e33bc22f6d75" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/2017-07/vzla-bigger.jpg?itok=oJobYpGL 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/2017-07/vzla-bigger.jpg?itok=Xt4w9gsH" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <p>Nous avons aussi tenu plusieurs session de formation à l’action directe non-violente dans différents pays d’Amérique Latine.</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </p><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ffcde995-c656-4a6b-8919-697430ecca23" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-7.jpg?itok=SRj-NOTj 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-7.jpg?itok=r8w1MMKS" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">Nous avons un site web: <a href="http://ramalc.org/que-es-ramalc/" target="_blank">http://ramalc.org/que-es-ramalc/ </a></p> <p lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx" xml:lang="zxx">et un magazine qui s’appelle <em>Rompiendo Filas</em>. Le premier numéro a été publié en version imprimée et en version numérique: <a href="http://ramalc.org/revista-rompiendo-filas/" target="_blank">http://ramalc.org/revista-rompiendo-filas/ </a> et le deuxième numéro sera lancé pendant la réunion au Paraguay.</p> <p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </p><div data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_1_3&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="1366df88-a45d-4d8e-b0c0-8e7fdebc1093" data-langcode="fr" class="embedded-entity"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/max_325x325/public/ramalc-9.jpg?itok=ybTcPbHW 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/medium/public/ramalc-9.jpg?itok=qM890RSI" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-countries--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Countries</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/88" hreflang="fr">Les Amériques</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-theme--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-theme.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Theme</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/670" hreflang="fr">RAMALC</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 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'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> <section class="comments"> <h2>Ajouter un commentaire</h2> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=40960&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="m91IexF0iFmK8onZO-MgPNn860i1aSemKGVj70DKTno"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> Mon, 09 Oct 2017 13:37:04 +0000 HBrock 40960 at https://wri-irg.org https://wri-irg.org/fr/article/2017/introduction-du-ramalc#comments The relation between militarisation and extractive industries. A view from Latin America. https://wri-irg.org/en/story/2015/relation-between-militarisation-and-extractive-industries-view-latin-america <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_entity_view' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_1col' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * ds-1col--node--25227.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story.html.twig * ds-1col--node-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <div data-history-node-id="25227" class="node node--type-story node--view-mode-rss ds-1col clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node-post-date---custom.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * 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font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:ES;} </style><p><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--> <p>Entre 2003 et 2013, alors que le reste du monde était secoué par une vague de crise économique, l'Amérique latine, au contraire, enregistrait de bons indicateurs économiques.   Le continent a profité de de ce qu'on a appelé le « boom du prix des matières premières ». Ses produits d'exportations premiers sont historiquement et encore aujourd'hui des ressources énergétiques comme le pétrole, le gaz, le charbon et autres minéraux.  En 2011, par exemple, sur les 20 entreprises principales d'Amérique latine, 13 appartenaient aux secteurs pétroliers, gaziers, miniers et sidérurgiques. L'argent versé à l'ensemble des pays a réussi à réduire les indices de pauvreté dans la région. En 2012, la Commission Économique pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (ECLA), a affirmé que le continent avait enregistré le pourcentage de pauvreté le plus faible (28.8% du total de la population) de ces dernières 30 années.</p> <p>Toutefois cette hausse des recettes n'a pas uniquement été utilisée par des programmes sociaux pour réduire les indices de pauvreté extrême.  Elle a également servi à moderniser les Forces Armées des pays latino-américains et s'est traduite par une augmentation significative d'achat d'armement. Dans une étude effectuée par Laboratoire de Paix, sur la base des chiffres de l'Institut d'Études pour la Paix de Stockholm (SIPRI), il a été démontré que l'Amérique latine avait augmenté ses achats d'armes de 150%, avec des dépenses équivalentes à 13.624 millions de dollars entre 2000 et 2010. En 2012, les dépenses militaires dans le monde ont atteint 1.7 billion de de dollars, soit 2.5 % du Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB) global. En Amérique latine, les dépenses pour la défense se sont chiffrées à approximativement 4% du PIB total du continent, bien au-dessus de la moyenne mondiale.</p> <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><p><xml><br /> <o:DocumentProperties><br /> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision><br /> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime><br /> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages><br /> <o:Words>132</o:Words><br /> <o:Characters>755</o:Characters><br /> <o:Company>.</o:Company><br /> <o:Lines>6</o:Lines><br /> <o:Paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs><br /> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>886</o:CharactersWithSpaces><br /> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version><br /> </o:DocumentProperties><br /> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br /> <o:AllowPNG></o><br /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br /> </xml><![endif]--> </p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><p><xml><br /> <w:WordDocument><br /> <w:View>Normal</w:View><br /> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom><br /> <w:TrackMoves></w><br /> <w:TrackFormatting></w><br /> <w:PunctuationKerning></w><br /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas></w><br /> 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mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:ES;} </style><p><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><p>À son tour, il existe une relation claire entre l'approfondissement d'une économie primaire-exportatrice basée sur l'intensification des entreprises extractives, tant de la part des gouvernements de « gauche » comme de « droite », et l'augmentation de la militarisation des territoires où elles ont lieu. Le chercheur et le journaliste uruguayen Raúl Zibechi a remarqué à ce sujet: « Il n'y a pas extractivisme sans militarisation de la société… Ceci n'est pas un hasard, la militarisation fait partie du modèle. Il n'y a pas d'industrie minière à ciel ouvert, d'industrie minière à grande échelle, sans militarisme. C'est quelque chose qu'on ne peut pas remarquer dans la ville où on vit, si on y habite. Pourtant si l'on regarde d'un peu plus près, on remarquera un environnement toujours plus militarisé »</p> <!--StartFragment--><p>Par "militarisation", nous parlons non seulement de la présence physique des membres des Forces Armées dans un territoire déterminé mais également de la croissance de l'influence des valeurs propres aux militaires au sein de la société. Si nous qualifions la période entre 2003 et 2013 en Amérique latine comme la « décennie extractiviste », nous pouvons affirmer qu'après cette décennie, la région s'est militarisée de manière importante. Cette militarisation se remarque à travers la hausse des budgets destinés au fonctionnement des Forces Armées et à l'augmentation de l''achat d'armes. Elle se traduit également par un processus de criminalisation de la protestation pacifique menée par les mouvements sociaux, les leaders populaires, les communautés et les indigènes. C'est une pratique commune que l'on retrouve dans plusieurs pays. Ce processus de criminalisation inclut la réforme, la création et les propositions actuelles de lois qui établissent comme infractions des stratégies historiques de lutte des mouvements populaires latino-américains, comme la grève, la fermeture de rues ou le port de masques ou de capuches par les manifestants. Des gouvernements latino-américains d'idéologie différente, comme le Chili, l'Argentine, le Venezuela ou l'Équateur, ont approuvé des lois antiterroristes influencées par l'esprit du 11 septembre et la vision manichéenne et militariste dont s'est servi le gouvernement de George W. Bush pour faire face aux attentats des Tours Jumelles de New York. On déclare de manière "préventive" des ennemis internes et externes qui regroupent tous ceux qui exercent des actes contraires aux intérêts suprêmes de l'État et de la nation.</p> <!--StartFragment--><p>En contrepartie, l'expansion de l'extractivisme et du militarisme ont généré un large mouvement de résistance sociale sur tout le continent. Quand on observe les raisons pour lesquelles les populations latino-américaines se mobilisent pour leurs droits, on réalise que ce sont les communautés indigènes et rurales qui sont à la tête des protestations contre des projets géants d'industrie minière sur les territoires militarisés.  D'après l'Observatoire Latino-américain de Conflits Environnementaux du Pérou, il y a eu en 2012 : 184 conflits régionaux actifs, donc 5 transfrontaliers, qui ont impliqué un total de 253 communautés. Parmi les requêtes principales de ces mouvements, plusieurs sont en lien avec le territoire, comme :  la délimitation et la remise de territoires aux communautés indigènes, l'exigence du droit d'être consultés avant la réalisation de projets d'extraction énergétique, la réalisation et la diffusion d'études d'impact environnemental, la mobilisation pour la pollution des sols,de l'eau et de l'air qui découle de l'activité extractive. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux chefs indigènes et paysans, en tant qu'activistes des droits de l'homme, ont été arrêtés pour avoir pris part à une manifestation et sont jugés dans des tribunaux qui ne leur garantissent pas une justice indépendante. Plusieurs manifestants ont été assassinés par la police ou par les militaires, et leurs morts restent impunies dû à un manque de sanction des responsables.</p> <!--StartFragment--><p>En Amérique latine, les défis pour les antimilitaristes sont nombreux. L'un d'eux est de continuer à remettre en question, à enquêter et à mettre en évidence le lien entre ces deux dimensions. L'extractivisme s'étend comme modèle de développement hégémonique à travers l'éclipse du néo-libéralisme dans la région et la militarisation des corps et des territoires, points de contact qui ne sont pas toujours clairs ni pour les activistes ni pour la société elle-même.</p> <!--StartFragment--><p>Ensuite, nous pensons que l'antimilitarisme intégral (proposition d'une société dont le fonctionnement se base sur des valeurs différentes au militarisme) peut apporter un regard qui, vu d'ailleurs, offre des analyses et des propositions qui dépassent les limitations du débat idéologisé entre la « gauche » et la « droite ». Ces catégories, nous le savons aujourd'hui, soutiennent (au moins dans le cas latino-américain) le culte à l'armée, considèrent ce qui est différent comme une menace, comme un ennemi, et sont pour l'utilisation de la force et le monopole étatique de l'utilisation des armes comme méthode de résolution des conflits.</p> <!--EndFragment--><p align="JUSTIFY" lang="es-VE" xml:lang="es-VE" xml:lang="es-VE"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><p><xml><br /> <o:DocumentProperties><br /> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision><br /> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime><br /> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages><br /> <o:Words>193</o:Words><br /> <o:Characters>1105</o:Characters><br /> <o:Company>.</o:Company><br /> <o:Lines>9</o:Lines><br /> <o:Paragraphs>2</o:Paragraphs><br /> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>1296</o:CharactersWithSpaces><br /> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version><br /> </o:DocumentProperties><br /> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br /> <o:AllowPNG></o><br /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br /> </xml><![endif]--> </p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><p><xml><br /> 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mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:ES;} </style><p><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Nous avons accumulé de l'expérience dans la pratique de l'action directe non-violente en tant que promotrice du changement culturel, social et politique dans la société. Prenant en considération leur propre histoire et celle des mouvements de libération nationale qui ont utilisé la lutte armée pour faire face aux différents colonialismes, les mouvements sociaux de la région continuent à avoir comme références les guérillas et les chefs partisans ou militaristes comme Che Guevara ou Simón Bolivar. Une partie de la stratégie de criminalisation des États est d'empêcher les mécanismes démocratiques et pacifiques de protestation pour que les manifestants recourent à des méthodes violentes. Ils utilisent ensuite cette image pour lancer une campagne propagandiste de criminalisation précisément contre le caractère « violent» ou « terroriste » dont ceux qui protestent, ce qui se termine par une isolation et une fragmentation du mouvement lui-même. Nous, antimilitaristes, nous pouvons et devons accompagner ces mouvements légitimes basiques de lutte pour la terre, pour l'environnement, pour les espaces de participation et de jouissance des droits de l'homme et tenter d'apporter, dans l'extension de l'éventail de possibilités, une incidence et des changements réels, par la non-violence. <span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-programmes-projects--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-programmes-projects--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-programmes-projects.html.twig * field--expert--field-programmes-projects--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-programmes-projects.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-programmes-projects--story.html.twig * field--node--field-programmes-projects.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-programmes-projects.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Programmes &amp; Projects</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/programmes/profiteurs-de-guerre" hreflang="fr">Profiteurs de guerre</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-countries--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Countries</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/88" hreflang="fr">Les Amériques</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-theme--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-theme.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Theme</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/en/taxonomy/term/498" hreflang="en">Extractive industry</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/en/taxonomy/term/63" hreflang="en">arms trade</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--comment--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--comment.html.twig * field--default--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--comment.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig x field--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--node--comment.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> <section class="comments"> <h2>Ajouter un commentaire</h2> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=25227&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="YlihOgM2agK4clJSxdvKJCT8zW-0wqOYPcKZqmGXP_4"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> Thu, 26 Nov 2015 12:45:21 +0000 Andrew 25227 at https://wri-irg.org https://wri-irg.org/fr/story/2015/lien-entre-militarisation-et-industries-extractives-un-regard-depuis-lamerique-latine#comments Mining, militarization and criminalization of social protest in Latin America https://wri-irg.org/en/story/2015/mining-militarization-and-criminalization-social-protest-latin-america <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_entity_view' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_1col' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * ds-1col--node--24540.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story.html.twig * ds-1col--node-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <div data-history-node-id="24540" class="node node--type-story node--view-mode-rss ds-1col clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node-post-date---custom.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--node-post-date.html.twig * field--ds.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <time > 27 mai 2015</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--dynamic-twig-field:node-author-name-twig---custom.html.twig * field--default--node--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig.html.twig * field--default--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig * field--node--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig--story.html.twig * field--node--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--dynamic-twig-field--node-author-name-twig.html.twig * field--ds.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-twig-fieldnode-author-name-twig field--type-ds field--label-inline"> <div class="field--label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field--item"> <span>Cesar Padilla</span> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--body--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--body--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--body.html.twig * field--default--body--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--body.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig * field--node--body--story.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><em>Cesar Padilla, Observatoire des Conflits Miniers d'Amérique latine, OCMAL</em></p> <p>Cela n'est pas une nouveauté: l'extractivisme en Amérique latine ne cesse d'imposer un modèle d'extraction et d'exportation toujours plus fort. La majorité des pays de la région est touchée par une course aux investissements dans le secteur minier, pétrolier, forestier ou maritime.</p> <p>Toutefois, l'extractivisme est de plus en plus contesté de parts et d'autres de la société – notamment par l'académie et les mouvements sociaux.</p> <p>Parmi les principales critiques qui lui sont faites, on lui reproche de ne pas permettre aux pays de sortir de la pauvreté et de la dépendance, mais d'au contraire, les maintenir dans cette situation. C'est ce que l'on appelle: "la malédiction de l'abondance"1.</p> <p><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'entity_embed_container' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --></p><div alt="" data-embed-button="image_embed" data-entity-embed-display="image:responsive_image" data-entity-embed-display-settings="{&quot;responsive_image_style&quot;:&quot;body_inline_half&quot;,&quot;image_link&quot;:&quot;&quot;}" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="580f91d5-b2e2-4216-ada4-afae396d59ec" title="Brazil" class="align-left embedded-entity" data-langcode="fr"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image_formatter' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'responsive_image' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- THEME DEBUG --><!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --><!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><p><img srcset="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/large/public/Brzail%20website.home.jpg?itok=mSpoZ2OV 1x" src="/sites/default/files/public_files/styles/large/public/Brzail%20website.home.jpg?itok=mSpoZ2OV" alt="" title="Brazil" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image.html.twig' --><!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/responsive_image/templates/responsive-image-formatter.html.twig' --></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/entity_embed/templates/entity-embed-container.html.twig' --><p> Cela n'a rien à voir avec la malédiction du "vivre assis sur un sac d'or et rester pauvre" 2. Ce que l'on retrouve dans les programmes économiques des gouvernements latino-américains, c'est cette tendance à profiter de l'extractivisme pour augmenter leur croissance ou régler des dettes sociales à travers des systèmes de bonus. En versant des bonus aux populations les plus vulnérables de la société, les gouvernements n'ont plus besoin du soutien idéologique pour accéder au pouvoir exécutif. Ainsi, ils peuvent en permanence apporter leur appui aux secteurs progressistes. Cela a même parfois généré des conflits avec les mouvements sociaux, comme dans le cas de l'Equateur et du gouvernement Correa, qu'ils avaient initialement supporté.</p> <p>La malédiction de l'abondance est devenue la malédiction de l'extractivisme. L'imposition de projets miniers, par exemple, a donné lieu à une quantité croissante de conflits avec les communautés locales. Si bien, qu'aujourd'hui en Amérique latine, il est impossible de concevoir de nouveaux projets miniers sans qu'il ne s'en suive conflits des socio-environnementaux et une résistance communautaire.</p> <p>On dit que le secteur minier est confronté à trois grandes maladies: la difficulté à trouver de nouveaux gisements, l'augmentation des coûts de production et le manque croissant de soutien de la population.3</p> <p>Les deux premières maladies ont des solutions techniques. Quant à la troisième, elle a été abordée sous bien des approches, mais à ce jour, aucune ne s'est montrée concluante. La première tentative a été celle de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE) qui implique la création de fondations et de subventions aux communautés locales, déchargeant les États de leurs responsabilités.  Ensuite, il y a eu les politiques de  « bon voisinage », accompagnées de cooptation, de corruption, de division et de décomposition sociale. Face à l'échec de ces stratégies, les entreprises et les gouvernements ont finalement décidé d'imposer leurs projets et de contrer l'opposition sociale en criminalisant les protestations.</p> <p>Les allégations – fondées ou non – contre les leaders anti-miniers sont devenues affaires courantes. C'est le cas de Javier Ramirez, dirigeant anti-minier de la communauté d'Intag, au nord de Quito, en Équateur.  Après qu'il ait été arrêté injustement, la communauté a été militarisée. Une manière d'inspirer la peur, à travers les armes.  Bien que cela ne soit pas suffisant pour neutraliser le rejet de la communauté face aux projets miniers, la militarisation instaure un système d'auto-censure et de crainte, qui dissuade les opposants d'exprimer leurs opinions.</p> <p>Mais la militarisation n'est pas une stratégie propre aux politiques des gouvernements progressistes, on la retrouve aussi dans des pays qui sont devenus des modèles miniers. C'est le cas du Chili. A l'est du port de Los Vilos, un contingent de police a virtuellement séquestré la communauté de Caimanes alors que celle-ci s'était mobilisée pour réclamer l'application d'une décision de justice demandant la restitution des eaux utilisées par l'entreprise minière de Pelambres (de la multinationale Antofagasta Minerals). La société minière avait entrepris la construction d'un réservoir de déchets miniers, entraînant l'assèchement de la rivière alimentant la vallée et ses affluents. Sur la dernière phase du conflit, la population de Caimanes s'était mobilisée pendant trois mois pour exiger l'application de la décision rendue par la Cours suprême et à laquelle Pelambres refusait de se soumettre.</p> <p>La force publique a militarisé la zone et déplacé des forces spéciales pour empêcher que la communauté n'utilise la pression sociale pour obtenir le droit accordé par le jugement judiciaire de dernière instance.</p> <p>Tristement célèbre, on retrouve aussi le cas de Máxima à Celendin, au Pérou. L'entreprise minière Yanacocha – mondialement connue pour son non respect des droits de l'homme et son usage de la force (avec son armée de gardes privés, la "Forza") – a réussi à contourner les multiples décision judiciaires accordées à Máxima et à sa famille à l'égard de la propriété de ses terres. <br />Bien que la famille de Maxima ait réussi à faire reconnaître ses droits sur les terrains réclamés par Yanacocha pour établir son projet Conga, le harcèlement et les injustices continuent, comme si la voix de la justice n'était qu'un lointain murmure.</p> <p>A la demande de Yanacocha (propriété des entreprises Newmont Mining Corporation, du groupe national péruvien Compania Nacional Buenaventura et d'International Finance Corporation IFC), Máxima a été poursuivie par le ministère public et condamnée  en première instance à la prison et à payer une indemnisation à l'entreprise minière. En appellation, ses droits à la propriété ont été reconnus et elle a été acquittée de toutes ses charges. Il semblerait qu'au Pérou cela ne soit pas suffisant. La tendance indique que la criminalisation est un des derniers recours utilisés, suite à l'échec des autres stratégies de dissuasion et de persuasion.</p> <p>Dans les cas mentionnés et bien d'autres, la criminalisation par la judiciarisation est une pratique courante dans les pays comme le Pérou et l’Équateur. Au Pérou, la majorité des cas de criminalisation sont suspendus en instances supérieures, ce qui dénote une complicité entre des gouvernements, les entreprises et une partie des juges locaux, dans les cas qui ne sont pas soutenus  juridiquement.</p> <p>En Équateur, au contraire, la dépendance politique et la crainte inspirée à la justice par le gouvernement central a réussi à faire injustement emprisonner des dirigeants et à militariser certaines zones pour imposer des projets d'extraction. Le manque de dépendance de la justice en Équateur a donné source à un haut degré d'auto-censure. Les risques qu'encourt la population à s'opposer à l'extractivisme sont magnifiés et celle-ci se retrouve dans la crainte et l'incertitude.</p> <p>La Bolivie a aussi connu des épisodes de criminalisation. On pense notamment au cas de Cancio Rojas, dirigeant de la communauté Mallku Qota, qui après s'être opposé à un projet minier en Potosí, a été injustement emprisonné. Mais l'épisode le plus grave a peut-être été celui de la division par la force d'une des icônes du mouvement indigène de l'altiplano bolivien: Conamaq. En utilisant la violence et la force publique armée, le gouvernement a décidé de faire plier l'organisation et a autorisé l'assaut du siège et l'agression de ses dirigeants.</p> <p>Le motif de ces mesures arbitraires et antidémocratiques était la non acceptation du modèle extractiviste du gouvernement de Morales alors que les communautés touchées réclamaient la perte de droits face aux projets miniers. Qu'un président d'origine indigène utilise la violence étatique pour réprimer le mouvement indigène et ses protestations attire l'attention.</p> <p>Nous ne sommes pas en train de parler de pays où l'héritage des régimes dictatoriaux est à l'origine de la criminalisation et de la répression de la population, où la force publique est armée, comme ce pu l'être au Guatemala et au Honduras. Nous parlons de gouvernements alternatifs, arrivés au contrôle de l'exécutif avec l'appui inconditionnel des mouvements sociaux et indigènes et sans lesquels, ils n'auraient pas pu être au pouvoir.</p> <p>Cela nous montre que l'extractivisme s'est installé en Amérique latine comme un acte de foi dans le leadership latino-américain. Et, comme cela s'est déjà passé, on doit imposer à sang et à feu, parfois au prix de certaines vies, la liberté et la démocratie de nos peuples. Cependant, cela n'a pas affaibli le mouvement de résistance qui s'organise, grandissante, pour défendre et récupérer leurs droits essentiels, afin de soutenir et développer des projets politiques justes et égaux dans la région.</p> <p lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL"><a href="#sdfootnote1anc" id="sdfootnote1sym">1 </a><a href="http://www.extractivismo.com/documentos/AcostaMmaldicionAbundancia09.pdf">http://www.extractivismo.com/documentos/AcostaMmaldicionAbundancia09.pdf</a></p> <p lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL"><a href="#sdfootnote2anc" id="sdfootnote2sym">2 </a><a href="http://www.inredh.org/archivos/pdf/las_falacias_del_extractivismo.pdf">http://www.inredh.org/archivos/pdf/las_falacias_del_extractivismo.pdf</a></p> <p lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL" xml:lang="es-CL"><a href="#sdfootnote3anc" id="sdfootnote3sym">3 </a><a href="http://www.visualcapitalist.com/new-vision-mining-company-of-the-future/?utm_source=Visual+Capitalist+Infographics+%28All%29&amp;utm_campaign=84ad817df0-Most_Valuable_Cash_Crop&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_31b4d09e8a-84ad817df0-43798153">http://www.visualcapitalist.com/new-vision-mining-company-of-the-future…</a></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-author-information--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--field-author-information--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--field-author-information.html.twig * field--default--field-author-information--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--field-author-information.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig * field--node--field-author-information--story.html.twig * field--node--field-author-information.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-author-information.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author-information field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Information sur l&#039;auteur</div> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--authors-and-bios--bio-only.html.twig * paragraph--authors-and-bios.html.twig * paragraph--bio-only.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/paragraphs/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--authors-and-bios paragraph--id--_09 paragraph--view-mode--bio-only"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-bio--bio-only.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-bio--authors-and-bios.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-bio.html.twig * field--paragraph--authors-and-bios.html.twig * field--field-bio.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-bio field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Cesar Padilla, Observatory of Mining Conflicts in Latin America, OCMAL</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/paragraphs/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-countries--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Countries</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/88" hreflang="fr">Les Amériques</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/103" hreflang="fr">Pérou</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/215" hreflang="fr">Équateur</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/195" hreflang="fr">Chili</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/183" hreflang="fr">Bolivie</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-theme--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-theme.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Theme</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/en/taxonomy/term/498" hreflang="en">Extractive industry</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/en/taxonomy/term/507" hreflang="en">Police militarisation</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--comment--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--comment.html.twig * field--default--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--comment.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig x field--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--node--comment.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> <section class="comments"> <h2>Ajouter un commentaire</h2> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=24540&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="2ULYLJQaOK4Oq197jv6DpGySWPQ7j7UlAHykQ5wKudM"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> Tue, 28 Apr 2015 16:28:06 +0000 Andrew 24540 at https://wri-irg.org https://wri-irg.org/fr/story/2015/industrie-miniere-militarisation-et-criminalisation-de-la-protestation-sociale-en#comments CO in Latin America https://wri-irg.org/en/story/1997/co-latin-america <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_entity_view' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'ds_1col' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * ds-1col--node--1911.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node-story.html.twig * ds-1col--node-rss.html.twig * ds-1col--node.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig x ds-1col.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <div data-history-node-id="1911" class="node node--type-story node--view-mode-rss ds-1col clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node-post-date---custom.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--node-post-date.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date--story.html.twig * field--node--node-post-date.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--node-post-date.html.twig * field--ds.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <time > 01 avr 1997</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--body--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--body--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--body.html.twig * field--default--body--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--body.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig * field--node--body--story.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul><li><a href="#Heading10">L'ELOC 96 au Guatémala</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading11">Les préparatifs de l'ELOC 1997, à Quito (Equateur) du 25 au 31 août 1997</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading12">Première rencontre bilatérale de la jeunesse Pérou-Equateur, Quito, 20-23 août</a></li> </ul><p><a name="Heading10" id="Heading10">L'ELOC 96 au Guatémala</a> </p><p>La troisième Conférence sud-américaine sur l'objection de conscience (ELOC 96) s'est tenue l'an dernier, du 20 au 26 octobre, à Guatémala City. Elle était organisée paar la section Jeunes de CONAVIGUA et rassembla 80 participants représentant des organisations d'objecteurs de conscience de 13 pays d'Amérique Latine.</p> <p>Ce fut l'occasion de raffermir le Réseau d'objecteurs d'Amérique Latine et des Cara*bes (ROLC) et de renforcer les stratégies du mouvement antimilitariste et en faveur de l'objection de conscience dans cette partie du monde.</p> <p>Trois organisations ont été choisies pour devenir les coordinateurs régionaux du ROLC: pour l'Amérique Centrale, le Conavigua Youth Group; pour les pays andins le Réseau d'aide pour la Paix et la Justice du Vénézuela; et pour la pointe sud, le SERPAJ-Paraguay- qui a aussi été désigné comme le porte parole continental du ROLC.</p> <p>Plusieurs thèmes ont été abordés au cours de la Conférence, et parmi eux: l'attitude des forces armées envers les droits humains et la démocratie; les dépenses militaires; le commerce des armes et l'industrie militaire en Amérique Latine; la professionalisation des forces armées; les populations indigènes et le militarisme; la</p> <p>question féministe dans le mouvement des objecteurs; l'attitude des objecteurs en cas de guerre ou de guerre civile; le service civil de remplacement (volontaire ou obligatoire); la législation sur l'objection de conscience.</p> <p>Trois thèmes ont été mis en évidence et nécessiteront une attention particulière lors des prochaines rencontres: la formation aux techniques de résolution non violente des conflits, l'éducation à la paix et les méthodes de luttes non violentes.</p> <p>La conférence a rédigé et adopté la Déclaration de principe du ROLC; ce document est disponible par email, en espagnol ou en anglais, au secrétariat de la WRI ou au SERPAJ-Paraguay.</p> <p><i>SERPAJ-Paraguay, Azara 313 y Iturbe 2ndo piso, Asunción, Paraguay (tél./fax + 595 21 446722; email serpaj@datanet.com.py).</i></p> <h3><a name="Heading11" id="Heading11">Les préparatifs de l'ELOC 1997, à Quito (Equateur) du 25 au 31 août 1997</a></h3> <p>La quatrième ELOC poursuivra la discussion des thèmes retenus par l'ELOC 96 et préparera un "Agenda-Programme pour une culture de paix en Amérique latine", qui devrait être adopté par les pays des membres du ROLC.</p> <p>L'organisation de la prochaine conférence est prise en charge par le SERPAJ-Equateur (Service pour la Paix et la Justice), une organisation créée en 1985 qui a choisi la non-violence comme méthode et style de vie. Elle travaille avec les pauvres et les laissés pour compte de la société, et son objectif est "d'impulser un processus non violent qui permette de mettre en question et de remplacer le modèle social équatorien, structurellement violent, et de renforcer les initiatives visant à la construction d'un système juste, basé sur la solidarité et la fraternité."</p> <p>On espère que 80 participants, dont 10 non sud-américains, prendront part à l'ELOC 97 au cours duquel auront lieu de nombreux ateliers de travail. Les organisateurs font de la popularisation des questions de démilitarisation et d'objection de conscience en Equateur leur priorité, au moyen d'interviews et de conférences de presse, de rencontres avec des hommes politiques et d'autres militants, et de conférences dans les écoles et les organisations associatives à travers tout le pays. Ils projettent aussi de réaliser une cassette vidéo de la rencontre.</p> <p>Les organisations ont rédigé une demande de fonds détaillée, disponible en anglais ou en espagnol au secrétariat de la WRI ou directement auprès du SERPAJ-Equateur. Ils demandent d'urgence des dons permettant de couvrir les frais de voyage des participants d'Amérique latine. Ceux-ci doivent être réalisés en dollars américains et peuvent être déposés dans n'importe quel pays auprès d'une agence de la Citybank, en demandant de transférer l'argent à la "Banco del Pichincha" à Quito, Equateur, sur le compte no 97102574-7 du SERPAJ (avec la mention "for ELOC 97").</p> <p><i>SERPAJ-Ecuador, Casilla 17-03-1567, Quito, Equateur (tél./fax + 593 2 571521; email: oca@serpajq.ecx.apc.org).</i></p> <h3><a name="Heading12" id="Heading12">Première rencontre bilatérale de la jeunesse Pérou-Equateur, Quito, 20-23 août</a></h3> <p>Depuis 1994, le SERPAJ-Equateur a mis sur pied un processus de démilitarisation de la société équatorienne, en vue d'affaiblir le militarisme qui maintient l'injustice et est responsable de nombreuses violations des droits humains. Dans ce but, il a travaillé avec un groupe de jeunes gens qui ont opté pour l'objection de conscience, qu'ils considèrent comme un pas dans la recherche de la justice et d'une société égalitaire.</p> <p>Conséquence du conflit frontalier de février 1995 entre le Pérou et l'Equateur, ils se sont lancés dans un programme bilatéral visant à contrer la propagande militariste officielle, et à promouvoir l'objection de conscience et la résolution non violente des conflits.</p> <p>Suite à une rencontre de personnes en provenance des deux côtés de la frontière, des jeunes d'organisations équatoriennes et péruviennes organisent une conférence bilatérale intitulée "Les jeunes dans la société civile et leur contribution à la résolution des conflits", qui se tiendra juste avant l'ELOC 97, à Quito. Le SERPAJ-Equateur accueillera aussi cet évènements, qui devrait rassembler environ 70 participants. Dans ce cas-ci aussi, des ressources financières sont réclamées d'urgence.</p> <p>Vos dons peuvent être transmis sur le compte du SERPAJ (voir les détails ci-dessus).</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-countries--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-countries.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-countries--story.html.twig * field--node--field-countries.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-countries.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Countries</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/83" hreflang="fr">Caraïbes</a></span> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/88" hreflang="fr">Les Amériques</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--field-theme--rss.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--story.html.twig * field--expert--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--expert--story.html.twig * field--expert--field-theme.html.twig * field--expert.html.twig * field--ds-field-expert.html.twig * field--node--field-theme--story.html.twig * field--node--field-theme.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--field-theme.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <div class="field--label tags--label field-label-above">Theme</div> <div class="wri-main--tags"> <span class="rel-tag" > <a href="/en/taxonomy/term/57" hreflang="en">Conscientious objection</a></span> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-field-expert.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--comment--rss.html.twig * field--default--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--node--story.html.twig * field--default--node--comment.html.twig * field--default--comment--story.html.twig * field--default--story.html.twig * field--default--comment.html.twig * field--default.html.twig * field--theme-ds-field-default.html.twig x field--node--comment--story.html.twig * field--node--comment.html.twig * field--node--story.html.twig * field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> <section class="comments"> <h2>Ajouter un commentaire</h2> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=1911&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="t-6RXNh3gYikBAYwg1gR0Qk85Em0rzh0eCBYTNOnfrk"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/wri_main/templates/field/field--node--comment--story.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-1col.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/ds/templates/ds-entity-view.html.twig' --> Mon, 31 Mar 1997 23:00:00 +0000 warresisters 1911 at https://wri-irg.org https://wri-irg.org/fr/story/1997/objection-en-amerique-latine#comments